- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Reduce the risk of readmission related to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A common, preventable and treatable disease
COPD is characterized by limited airflow due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities that is not completely reversible. COPD is ongoing and is usually caused by significant exposure to toxic particles or gases.
COPD has previously been labeled as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. While the symptoms are similar, COPD should be considered its own disease state.
Symptoms of COPD can include:
- Decreased appetite and malnutrition
- Difficulty with chewing and swallowing due to fatigue
- Altered ability to taste due to chronic mouth breathing
- Mental status change due to excessive CO2 production
- Loss of respiratory muscle strength
COPD: By the Numbers
COPD is the 4th leading cause of death in the world. More than 12 million people have been diagnosed with COPD, with another 12 million who probably have the disease and don’t know it. In the US, more than 120,000 people die each year of COPD. That equates to one death every four minutes.
12 days
post discharge is the average time for readmission
15%
of people over the age of 65 have COPD
20-30 years
after onset that the disease becomes disabling
Preventing COPD
There are several preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of COPD.
- Smoking cessation
- Reducing exposure to occupational dusts, fumes, gases and all pollutants
- Influenza and pneumonia vaccination
- Physical and respiratory exercise
- Education and self-management
- Early identification and diagnosis
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Prevention
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Diagnosing COPD
There are no markers for COPD, so spirometry is the gold standard for confirming airflow limitations. Spirometry measures how well the lungs function by measuring the amount of forcefully exhaled air (FEV). Diagnosing COPD also uses several factors including age, gender, height and ethnicity. A test is performed once without administering a bronchodilator and then again after administration. These results are used for determining disease presence and severity.
Interpreting COPD Test Results
Mild
80% of predicted FEV
Moderate
equal to 50 – 80% of FEV
Severe
equal to 30 – 50% of FEV
Very Severe
less than 30% of predicted FEV
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Treating COPD
Symptoms of COPD can be managed by the increased use of bronchodilators, steroids and, occasionally, antibiotics. The goals of COPD maintenance are to prevent exacerbation, improve quality of life, reduce symptoms and improve health status and exercise tolerance. Pharmacologic therapy can reduce symptoms, frequency and severity of exacerbations and improve health status and exercise tolerance.
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Treatment
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Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420180/
https://www.jamda.com/article/S1525-8610(17)30191-3/pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5812767/
https://www.nonin.com/wp-content/uploads/M-23-067-01-COPD-30-Day-Hospital-Readmission-Reduction-White-Paper.pdf
https://www.americannursetoday.com/reducing-readmissions-copd-patients/
https://westmedinc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/COPD-Readmission-Reduction-Program-9-8-2017-Squeezed.pdf
http://www.lung.com
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