Shop German Stainless Steel Forceps
-
Tip Type
- 0.12 mm Wide Teeth (1)
- 0.2 mm Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth and Tying Platform (2)
- 0.4 mm Tip, With Cord, Insulated Fine Tip (1)
- 0.4 mm Tip, With Cord, Non-Insulated Fine Tip (1)
- 0.5 mm Tip with 1 X 2 Teeth and Platform (1)
- 0.5 mm with 1 X 2 Teeth (1)
- 0.6 mm Wide Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (1)
- 0.6 mm x 1 mm Cups (2)
- 0.9 mm Wide Pointed Tips (1)
- 1 mm Delicate Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (1)
- 1 mm Wide Micro Cups (1)
- 1 mm Wide Tips (1)
- 1 mm Width Tip with 1 X 2 Teeth (1)
- 1 Prong with 3.5 mm Probe (1)
- 1 X 1 Atraumatic Prongs (1)
- 1 X 1 Blunt Prongs (2)
- 1 X 1 Prongs (13)
- 1 X 2 Teeth (52)
- 1 X 2 Teeth with Scraper End (2)
- 1 X 2 Teeth with Tying Platform (3)
- 1 X 2 Teeth, Smooth Tip (2)
- 1.1 mm Wide Serrated Tips (1)
- 1.3 cm Wide Fenestrated Triangular Jaws (1)
- 1.5 mm Wide Tips (1)
- 1.5 X 3 X 6 mm Bite (1)
- 1.5 X 4.5 mm Oval Bite (1)
- 1.6 X 2.4 mm Serrated Tips (1)
- 10 mm Wide Fenestrated Triangular Jaws (1)
- 12 mm Smooth Jaws (1)
- 15 mm Wide Fenestrated Triangular Jaws (1)
- 17 mm Wide Serrated Jaws (1)
- 2 mm WIde Serrated Tips (1)
- 2 mm Wide Serrated Tips (1)
- 2 X 10 mm Bite (1)
- 2 X 10 mm Jaws (1)
- 2 X 2 Curved Teeth (1)
- 2 X 2 Teeth (1)
- 2 X 3 Teeth (10)
- 2 X 4 mm Bite (1)
- 2 X 4 mm Jaws (2)
- 2.3 X 4 mm Mini Bite with Single Tooth on Both Jaws (1)
- 2.3 X 4.2 mm Bite (2)
- 2.5 cm Wide Fenestrated Triangular Jaws (1)
- 2.5 X 12 mm Bite (1)
- 2.7 mm Wide Tips (1)
- 2.7 X 2.7 mm Atraumatic Tips (1)
- 2.8 mm Tip (1)
- 2.8 mm Wide Tips with Longitudinal Serrations (1)
- 3 mm Jaws (1)
- 3 mm Wide Cup Tips (1)
- 3 mm Wide Tips (1)
- 3 X 10 mm Jaws (1)
- 3 X 11 mm Pointed Fenestrated Cups (1)
- 3 X 12 mm Bite (1)
- 3 X 3 Teeth (1)
- 3 X 4 Teeth (7)
- 3 X 4.5 mm Bite (1)
- 3 X 5 mm Bite (2)
- 3 X 5 mm Cups (1)
- 3 X 7 mm Bite (2)
- 3 X 7 mm Bullet Shaped Bite (1)
- 3 X 7.5 Tapered Rectangle Bite with Single Tooth on Both Jaws (1)
- 3 X 8 mm Rectangular Bite with Teeth on Lower Jaw (1)
- 3 X 9.5 mm Bite (1)
- 3 X 9.5 Rectangular Bite with Single Tooth on Lower Jaw (1)
- 3 X 9.7 mm Bite (1)
- 3.2 X 8 mm Rectangular Bite with Teeth on Lower Jaw (1)
- 3.5 x 10 mm Bite with Basket (1)
- 3.5 X 10 mm Fenestrated Cups (1)
- 3.5 X 8 mm Rectangular Bite with Teeth on Lower Jaw (1)
- 3.5 X 8 mm Tapered Oblong Bite with Teeth on Lower Jaw (2)
- 3.6 X 15 mm Thru Cutting Jaws (1)
- 4 mm Fenstrated Jaw (1)
- 4 mm Non-Fenestrated Jaw (2)
- 4 X 10 mm Bite (2)
- 4 X 10 mm Fenestrated Cups (3)
- 4 X 11 mm Bite (1)
- 4 X 12 mm Pointed Fenestrated Cups (1)
- 4 X 4 Teeth (1)
- 4 X 5 Interlocking Teeth (1)
- 4 X 5 Teeth (11)
- 4 X 6.5 mm Bite (1)
- 4 x 8 mm Bite with Basket (3)
- 4 X 8.5 mm Tapered Oblong Bite (1)
- 4.5 mm Wide Jaws with Fine Teeth (1)
- 4.5 mm Wide Jaws with Fine Teeth and Catch (1)
- 4.5 X 6.5 mm Oval Bite (1)
- 4.5 X 8.5 mm Oblong Bite (1)
- 5 mm Wide Concave Jaws with Fine Teeth (1)
- 5 X 13 mm Pointed Fenestrated Cups (1)
- 5 X 30 mm Serrated Jaw (1)
- 5 X 30 mm, Serrated Jaws (1)
- 5 X 6 Interlocking Teeth (2)
- 5 X 6 Teeth (13)
- 5 X 9 mm Triangular Bite (1)
- 6 mm Round Non-Interfitted Cups (1)
- 6 X 7 Teeth (2)
- 7 X 7 Side Grasping Teeth (3)
- 7 X 7 Teeth (1)
- 7 X 8 Teeth (1)
- 7 X 8 Teeth, Smooth Tip (1)
- 8 X 8 Side Grasping Teeth (1)
- 8 X 8 Teeth Side Grasping Teeth (1)
- 8 X 8 Teeth, Serrated Tip (1)
- 9 X 10 Teeth (2)
- 9 X 9 Side Grasping Teeth (1)
- 9 X 9 Teeth (1)
- Angular Tip (1)
- Beveled Cutting Tips (1)
- Blunt (1)
- Blunt Cross Serrated Tips (3)
- Blunt Down Curved Tips (1)
- Blunt Fenestrated Tips (1)
- Blunt Serrated Tips (10)
- Blunt Smooth Tips (1)
- Blunt Tips (3)
- Circular Paddle / Ring Tips (7)
- Closed Beak Tips (1)
- Concave Blades (1)
- Convex / Concave Tip (2)
- Cross Serrated Fenestrated Oval Jaws (1)
- Cross Serrated Jaws (1)
- Cross Serrated Tips (5)
- Cross Serrated Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (1)
- Cross Serrated Tips with 2 X 3 Teeth (1)
- Cross Serrated Tips with Longitudinal Grooves (2)
- Cross Serrated Tips with Longitudinal Serrations (2)
- Cross-Serrated Tips (1)
- Cutting Tip (3)
- Deeply Serrated Jaws (1)
- Delicate Serrated Tips (2)
- Delicate Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (1)
- Delicate, Serrated Tips (1)
- Delicate, 1 X 2 Teeth (13)
- Delicate, 1.5 X 5 mm Serrated Tips (1)
- Delicate, 2 X 3 Teeth (2)
- Delicate, 3 X 4 Teeth (2)
- Delicate, 4 X 5 Teeth (3)
- Delicate, 6 mm Wide Fenestrated Triangular Jaws (1)
- Delicate, Cross Serrated Tips (1)
- Delicate, Cross Serrated Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (2)
- Delicate, Cup Tips (1)
- Delicate, Fenestrated Triangular Jaws (1)
- Delicate, Serrated Tips (45)
- Delicate, Serrated Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (2)
- Delicate, Serrated Tips with 2 X 3 Teeth (2)
- Delicate, Smooth Tips (1)
- Diagonal Tips (1)
- Double Row of Atraumatic Teeth (2)
- English Anvil (1)
- Extra Delicate, 1 X 2 Teeth (1)
- Extra Delicate, 4 X 5 Teeth (1)
- Extra Delicate, Serrated Tips (14)
- Extra Delicate, Serrated Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (2)
- Extra Delicate, Sharp Smooth Tips (1)
- Extra Light, 1 X 2 Teeth (2)
- Extra Light, Serrated Tips (12)
- Extremely Delicate, Serrated Tips (3)
- Fenestrated Triangular Jaws (3)
- Fine Tips (5)
- Fine, Cross Serrated Tips (2)
- Fine, Serrated Tips (4)
- Fine, Sharp Serrated Tips (2)
- Fully Serrated Jaws (2)
- Long Serrated Tips (3)
- Micro, 1 X 2 Teeth (4)
- Micro, Oval Cup Tips (3)
- Micro, Oval Cups (2)
- Micro, Ring Tips (3)
- Micro, Serrated Tips (7)
- Narrow Serrated Tips (2)
- Oval Cup Tips (4)
- Pointed Serrated Tips (4)
- Pointed Smooth Tips (6)
- Pointed Tips (9)
- Radially Serrated Cup Tips (6)
- Round Cup Tips (3)
- Round Cups (2)
- Serrated Alligator Jaws (3)
- Serrated Beaks (2)
- Serrated Oval Ring Tips (5)
- Serrated Ring Tips (12)
- Serrated T-Shaped Tips (3)
- Serrated Tip (24)
- Serrated Tip with 2 X 3 Teeth (2)
- Serrated Tips (273)
- Serrated Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (48)
- Serrated Tips with 2 X 3 Teeth (2)
- Serrated Tips with Scraper End (3)
- Serrated Tips with Single Tooth (5)
- Sharp Serrated Tips (8)
- Sharp Tips (5)
- Smooth Beaks (10)
- Smooth Curved Back Blades (2)
- Smooth Oval Ring Tips (2)
- Smooth Tip (7)
- Smooth Tips (6)
- Smooth Tips with 1 X 2 Teeth (2)
- Universal (4)
- Very Delicate, Serrated Tips (5)
-
Application
- Tissue Forceps (194)
- Hemostatic Forceps (157)
- Dressing Forceps (94)
- Mosquito Forceps (46)
- Ear Forceps (37)
- Splinter Forceps (36)
- Alligator Forceps (24)
- Extracting Forceps (24)
- Iris Forceps (21)
- Suture Forceps (21)
- Biopsy Forceps (19)
- Sponge Forceps (17)
- Grasping Forceps (14)
- Chalazion Forceps (13)
- Cilia Forceps (13)
- Tenaculum Forceps (13)
- Nasal Forceps (11)
- Thoracic Forceps (11)
- Hysterectomy Forceps (10)
- Uterine Biopsy Forceps (10)
- Artery Forceps (9)
- Eye Dressing Forceps (9)
- Fixation Forceps (9)
- Intestinal Forceps (7)
- Septum Forceps (7)
- Uterine Tenaculum Forceps (7)
- Biopsy Punch Forceps (6)
- Bone Holding Forceps (6)
- Ethmoid Forceps (6)
- Utility Forceps (6)
- Bone Cutting Forceps (5)
- Bone Splitting Forceps (5)
- Catheter Forceps (5)
- Gall Duct Forceps (5)
- Tying Forceps (5)
- Uterine Dressing Forceps (5)
- Uterine Vulsellum Forceps (5)
- Cutting Forceps (4)
- Nasal Cutting Forceps (4)
- Bipolar Forceps (3)
- Forceps (3)
- Kidney Stone Forceps (3)
- Micro Ring Forceps (3)
- Obstetrical Forceps (3)
- Pedodontic Extracting Forceps (3)
- Septum Morselizer Forceps (3)
- Septum Straightening Forceps (3)
- Sterilizer Forceps (3)
- Thru-Cut Forceps (3)
- Tongue Holding Forceps (3)
- Vascular Forceps (3)
- Vulsellum Forceps (3)
- Applying Forceps (2)
- Bone Reduction Forceps (2)
- Capsule Forceps (2)
- Corneal Utility Forceps (2)
- Dissecting Forceps (2)
- Intestinal Grasping Forceps (2)
- Micro Corneal Suture Forceps (2)
- Micro Forceps (2)
- Microsurgery Forceps (2)
- Nasal Dressing Forceps (2)
- Thoracic Artery Forceps (2)
- Thoracic Tissue Forceps (2)
- Tissue Grasping Forceps (2)
- Tonsil Hemostat Forceps (2)
- Tonsil Seizing Forceps (2)
- Traction Forceps (2)
- Vascular Tissue Forceps (2)
- Blade Removal Forceps (1)
- Cardiovascular Forceps (1)
- Corneal Forceps (1)
- Dental Forceps (1)
- Depilatory Forceps (1)
- ENT Forceps (1)
- Entropium Forceps (1)
- Foreign Body Forceps (1)
- Fragment Forceps (1)
- Gall Duct Forceps Set (1)
- Grasping Forceps Insert (1)
- Ligator Forceps (1)
- Micro Artery Forceps (1)
- Micro Dressing Forceps (1)
- Micro Ear Forceps (1)
- Micro Suture Forceps (1)
- Nail Splitting Forceps (1)
- Nasal Forceps (1)
- Placenta Forceps (1)
- Ptosis Forceps (1)
- Punctal Plug Forceps (1)
- Ring Forceps (1)
- Rubber Dam Clamp Forceps (1)
- Serrefine Forceps (1)
- Skin Staple Removing Forcep (1)
- Spinal Perforating Forceps (1)
- Stone Forceps (1)
- Strut Forceps (1)
- Suture Removal Forceps (1)
- Suture Tying Forceps (1)
- Tendon Pulling Forceps (1)
- Tonsil Forceps (1)
- Turbinate Forceps (1)
- Uterine Forceps (1)
- Uterine Polyp Forceps (1)
- Wire Closure Forceps (1)
-
Size
- 5-1/2 Inch Length (100)
- 5 Inch Length (71)
- 4 Inch Length (65)
- 6 Inch Length (62)
- 4-3/4 Inch Length (53)
- 7 Inch Length (49)
- 3-1/2 Inch Length (44)
- 6-1/4 Inch Length (39)
- 8 Inch Length (38)
- 4-1/2 Inch Length (36)
- 7-1/4 Inch Length (35)
- 9-1/2 Inch Length (31)
- 9 Inch Length (29)
- 10 Inch Length (28)
- 6-1/2 Inch Length (24)
- 7-1/2 Inch Length (24)
- 3-1/4 Inch Length (23)
- 3 Inch Length (19)
- 2-3/4 Inch Length (17)
- 8-1/4 Inch Length (16)
- 7-3/4 Inch Length (16)
- 3-3/4 Inch Length (15)
- 4-1/4 Inch Length (15)
- 12 Inch Length (13)
- 8-1/2 Inch Length (13)
- 11 Inch Length (11)
- 3-3/8 Inch Length (9)
- 9-1/4 Inch Length (8)
- 10-1/2 Inch Length (7)
- 9-3/4 Inch Length (6)
- 10-1/4 Inch Length (6)
- 13 Inch Length (4)
- 4-1/8 Inch Length (3)
- 4-3/8 Inch Length (3)
- 5-1/4 Inch Length (3)
- 7-1/8 Inch Length (3)
- 102 mm (2)
- 16 Inch Length (2)
- 3 mm Bite X 7-1/2 Inch Length (2)
- 3-7/8 Inch Length (2)
- 5-1/8 Inch Length (2)
- 5-3/4 Inch Length (2)
- 6-1/8 Inch Length (2)
- 6-3/4 Inch Length (2)
- 6-3/8 Inch Length (2)
- 1-1/2 Inch Length (1)
- 1-3/8 Inch Length (1)
- 10-1/8 Inch Length (1)
- 10-3/4 Inch Length (1)
- 11-1/2 Inch Length (1)
- 12-1/2 Inch Length (1)
- 14 Inch Length (1)
- 17 Inch Length (1)
- 19 Inch Length (1)
- 2-1/2 Inch Length (1)
- 2-7/4 Inch Length (1)
- 20 Inch (1)
- 4-1/2 Inch Working Length (1)
- 4-5/8 Inch Length (1)
- 4-7/8 Inch Length (1)
- 45 cm Length (1)
- 6 inch Length (1)
- 6-5/8 Inch Length (1)
- 7 Inch (1)
- 7-5/8 Inch (1)
- 8-1/2 Inch Shaft Length (1)
- 8-3/4 Inch Length (1)
- No. 1 (1)
- No. 210S (1)
- No. 222 (1)
- No. 51S (1)
- No. 89 (1)
- No. 90 (1)
- No. MD2 (1)
- No. MD3 (1)
- No.1 (1)
-
Tip Style
- Straight (633)
- Curved (195)
- Angled (51)
- Full Curved (27)
- Angled 90° (13)
- Double Curved (8)
- Half Curved (7)
- Angled 45° (5)
- Slightly Curved (5)
- Curved Sideways (3)
- Upturned 45° (3)
- 90° Angled (2)
- Angled Left 15° (2)
- Angled Right 15° (2)
- Angled Up 45° (2)
- Angled 25° (1)
- Angled 45° on Flat (1)
- Angled 70° (1)
- Angled Left (1)
- Angled Right 90° (1)
- Angled Up (1)
- Angled on Flat (1)
- Curved Left (1)
- Curved Narrow (1)
- Curved on Side (1)
- New Curved (1)
- Quarter Curved (1)
- S-Curved (1)
- Side Opening to Right (1)
- Slightly Angled Down (1)
- Straight Squared (1)
- U-Curved (1)
- Upturned 90° (1)
-
Brand or Series
- Atraumata® (2)
- BR Surgical (8)
- Classic® (8)
- Euro-Med® (9)
- Hauptbild (1)
- Hermann Medizentechnik (1)
- Integra® ENT (6)
- Jarit® (12)
- Kmedic® (1)
- McKesson Argent™ (42)
- MedGyn (1)
- MeisterHand® (155)
- Miltex® (526)
- Miltex® Hi-Light (2)
- Miltex® Xcision (2)
- Mitlex® (1)
- Padgett® (32)
- Ruggles®-Redmond™ (1)
- Sklar LiteGrip™ (2)
- Sklarlite™ Extra Light (18)
- Sklartech 5000™ Laparoscopic (6)
- Sklar® (126)
- Snowden-Pencer® (1)
- Symmetry® (29)
- V. Mueller® (3)
- Sterility
-
Style
- Kelly (18)
- Foerster (17)
- Halsted (17)
- Semken (15)
- Bishop-Harmon (14)
- Noyes (7)
- Francis (3)
- Kevorkian (1)
- Adson (47)
- Rochester-Pean (28)
- Allis (27)
- Crile (18)
- Hartmann (17)
- DeBakey (15)
- Castroviejo (13)
- Mixter (13)
- Potts-Smith (13)
- Rochester-Ochsner (11)
- Cushing (9)
- House (9)
- Rochester-Carmalt (9)
- Adson-Brown (8)
- Gemini-Mixter (8)
- Iris (8)
- Lahey (8)
- Babcock (7)
- Bozeman (7)
- Gerald (7)
- Littauer (7)
- Schroeder (7)
- Takahashi (7)
- Desmarres (6)
- English (6)
- Graefe (6)
- Heaney (6)
- McPherson (6)
- Russian (6)
- Williams (6)
- Ferris-Smith (5)
- Hudson-Ewald (5)
- Jacobson (5)
- Jansen-Middleton (5)
- Kocher (5)
- Lucae (5)
- Magill (5)
- Rankin (5)
- Schnidt (5)
- Virtus (5)
- Wilde (5)
- Baby Crile (4)
- Blakesley-Wilde (4)
- Bonney (4)
- Carmalt (4)
- Coller (4)
- Halsted-Mosquito (4)
- Harms (4)
- Hartmann-Herzfeld (4)
- Kantrowitz (4)
- Kevorkian-Younge (4)
- Randall (4)
- Ruskin-Kleinert-Kutz (4)
- Weil-Blakesley (4)
- Baby Allis (3)
- Baby Mixter (3)
- Bainbridge (3)
- Barraquer (3)
- Bonn (3)
- Braun (3)
- Brown (3)
- Collins (3)
- Converse-Green (3)
- Dandy (3)
- Feilchenfeld (3)
- Green (3)
- Gruenwald (3)
- Jansen (3)
- Jeweler (3)
- Lambert (3)
- Maier (3)
- McCullough (3)
- Miltex (3)
- Peet (3)
- Pennington (3)
- Rhoton (3)
- Sawtell (3)
- Schroeder-Braun (3)
- Swiss (3)
- Tischler (3)
- Walter (3)
- Wilde-Blakesley (3)
- Yeoman (3)
- Adair (2)
- Alligator (2)
- Allis-Adair (2)
- Arruga (2)
- Baby Babcock (2)
- Baby Ochsner (2)
- Baby Pean (2)
- Ballentine (2)
- Barrett (2)
- Beer (2)
- Bergh (2)
- Boys-Allis (2)
- Bridge (2)
- Burke (2)
- Collin (2)
- Colver (2)
- Douglas (2)
- Eppendorfer (2)
- Fletcher (2)
- Giraffe (2)
- Gruenwald-Jansen (2)
- Hartman-Mosquito (2)
- Hartmann-Noyes (2)
- Heaney-Ballentine (2)
- Jacobs (2)
- Jones (2)
- Judd-Allis (2)
- Kern (2)
- Kirby (2)
- Knight (2)
- Lester (2)
- Lewin (2)
- Martin (2)
- McIndoe (2)
- Mead (2)
- Mosquito (2)
- Nugent (2)
- Packer (2)
- Pean (2)
- Providence Hospital (2)
- Rubin (2)
- Rumel (2)
- Ruskin (2)
- Singley (2)
- Teale (2)
- Thorpe (2)
- Townsend (2)
- Turrell (2)
- Walsham (2)
- White (2)
- Wittner (2)
- Wullstein (2)
- Allis-Thomas (1)
- Appex (1)
- Ash (1)
- Ayer (1)
- Baby Adson (1)
- Baby Allen (1)
- Baby Doyen (1)
- Baby Krile (1)
- Baby Tischler (1)
- Baggish (1)
- Ballenger (1)
- Beaupre (1)
- Bechert-McPherson (1)
- Bellucci (1)
- Berke (1)
- Bishop-Harmon-Iris (1)
- Blake (1)
- Bonaccolto (1)
- Bracken-Iris (1)
- Castroviejo-Colibri (1)
- Christophe (1)
- College (1)
- Coller-Crile (1)
- Collin-Judd-DeMartel (1)
- Coppleson (1)
- DeBakey Adson Style (1)
- DeBakey-Diethrich (1)
- DeBakey-Mosquito (1)
- Desjardin-Rochester (1)
- Duplay (1)
- English-Pratt (1)
- Eppendorfer-Krause (1)
- Farabeuf-Lambotte (1)
- Ferguson (1)
- Foerster-Iris (1)
- Gold (1)
- Goodhill (1)
- Graefe-Brown (1)
- Graul (1)
- Gray (1)
- Greven (1)
- Harmon (1)
- Harrington-Mixter (1)
- Healy (1)
- Heath (1)
- Heuwieser (1)
- Horsley (1)
- Hulka (1)
- Hunt (1)
- Jacobson-Micro (1)
- Jansen-Gruenwald (1)
- Jarcho (1)
- Jarit (1)
- Kahn (1)
- Kelman-McPherson (1)
- Lane (1)
- Lanes (1)
- Locking Type
- Type
- Latex Free Indicator
- Usage
- Manufacturer Name
(0)
-
- Select Items to see more options
- Compare Items
- Compare
-
,for, Item ID-
- #487376
- Providers like you icon 288
- McKesson Brand #43-1-431
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #487436
- Providers like you icon 95
- McKesson Brand #43-1-781
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #535537
- Providers like you icon 83
- McKesson Brand #43-1-1442
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #487321
- Providers like you icon 45
- McKesson Brand #43-1-224
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #970143
- Providers like you icon 25
- McKesson Brand #43-1-779
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #487428
- Providers like you icon 47
- McKesson Brand #43-1-764
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #487378
- Providers like you icon 327
- McKesson Brand #43-1-442
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #487434
- Providers like you icon 77
- McKesson Brand #43-1-777
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #535539
- Providers like you icon 26
- McKesson Brand #43-1-1482
Log in for pricing and availability
-
,for, Item ID-
- #487404
- Providers like you icon 307
- McKesson Brand #43-1-577
Log in for pricing and availability